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Multics
Multics: /muhl'tiks/ /n./ [from "MULTiplexed Information
and Computing Service"] An early (late 1960s) timesharing
operating system co-designed by a consortium including MIT, GE, and
Bell Laboratories. Multics was very innovative for its time ---
among other things, it introduced the idea of treating all devices
uniformly as special files. All the members but GE eventually
pulled out after determining that second-system effect had
bloated Multics to the point of practical unusability (the
`lean' predecessor in question was CTSS). Honeywell
commercialized Multics after buying out GE's computer group, but it
was never very successful (among other things, on some versions one
was commonly required to enter a password to log out). One of the
developers left in the lurch by the project's breakup was Ken
Thompson, a circumstance which led directly to the birth of
Unix. For this and other reasons, aspects of the Multics
design remain a topic of occasional debate among hackers. See also
brain-damaged and GCOS.
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